Long-term antibody response to inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with chronic liver disease: A multicenter study.

Patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) are at a greater risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This study investigated the antibody response to inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in a long-term prospective cohort of CLD patients. The seropositivity rates and antibody concentrations of anti-SARS-CoV-2 NAbs were similar among patients with different severity of CLD 6 months after the third vaccination. In addition, older CLD patients appeared to have lower antibody responses. These data might be helpful to inform vaccine decisions for patients with chronic liver disease.

Effective Screening and Texture Segmentation of Green Vegetation Cover Based on UAV Images

As an important part of the ecosystem, green vegetation coverage is crucial to people's sensory and mental health. Using reliable data sets to classify and identify the green vegetation cover on the land surface and explore its spatial distribution law can provide important reference for the work of regional ecosystem managers and urban planners. The optimization of effective screening methods for green vegetation coverage areas is an important requirement to measure the surface vegetation status. UAV aerial images feature high definition, large scale, small area and high up-to-dateness. However, at present, there are few studies based on the reliable UAV aerial image system to identify green vegetation cover and further explore its spatial changes. In this study, 701 residential neighborhoods in Beijing were taken as the research objects, and the green vegetation of 7,695 sample points was identified by UAV. The green vegetation coverage was measured, and the spatial distribution pattern of green vegetation in different land surface areas was quantitatively compared. The results show that the image processing method proposed in this paper can effectively detect the boundary of green vegetation cover area from UAV aerial images, the correlation of texture segmentation is good, and the segmentation performance is better than other methods. The distribution of green vegetation cover in the research target area is uneven, with 63.79% of the research area having relatively low (Level 2) and medium (Level 3) green vegetation coverage, which indicates that the green vegetation coverage area in the research area is insufficient to meet the needs of regional ecosystem development. The characteristics of green vegetation cover in 16 districts in the study area are different, showing different spatial distribution patterns;except Xicheng District, there are 211 points without landscape in the area covered by green vegetation in 15 districts. The results can provide support for urban land surface planning and management.

Remediation technology towards zero plastic pollution: Recent advance and perspectives.

The rapid growth of plastic wastes exceeds efforts to eliminate plastic pollution owing to the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 and then aggravates inherent environmental threats to the ecosystem. The paper provided a short introduction relating to the hazards of plastic wastes on environment and a detailed statement about plastic toxicity on human. The article stated on plastic how to enter the body and cause harm for us step by step. Given the toxicity and harm of plastic wastes on human, the degradation of plastic wastes via the physical, chemical and biotic methodologies is looked back. The advanced physical techniques are introduced briefly at firstly. Additionally, evaluate on chemical method for plastic decomposition and review on biotic degradation of plastic. The reactive oxygen species and the enzymes play a crucial role in chemical and biotic degradation processes, respectively. The reactive oxygen species are derived from the activated state of oxides, and the enzymes that aid the microorganism to ingest plastic through its metabolic mechanism are secreted by the microorganism. Subsequently, the potential possibility of upcycling plastic is analyzed from two aspects of the technology and application. The innovative technology utilizes sunlight as driver-power of plastic upcycling. And the carbon capture, utilization and sequestration and the growth substrate provided the novel guided directions for plastic recycle. Lastly, the three suggestions on plastic waste management are expected to establish an economy and efficient plastic sorting system, and two engineering solutions on plastic recycle are to make a contribution for sustainable upcycling of plastic.

Backward Trajectory and Multifractal Analysis of Air Pollution in Zhengzhou Region of China

With the continuous promotion of industrialization and urbanization, China's environmental pollution is becoming increasingly serious, which has caused considerable damage to the natural balance. Air pollution seriously harms people's physical and mental health, the ecological environment, and the social sustainable development of society. In this study, the backward trajectory model and multifractal methods were adopted to analyze air pollution in Zhengzhou. The backward trajectory analysis showed that most clusters of air pollution were from southern Hebei, eastern Shandong, and mid-western Henan, which were then transported to Zhengzhou. For the PSCF and CWT analyses, we selected four representative cities to explore how close the air pollution of Zhengzhou is to other areas on the basis of air polluted concentration. The results of several multifractal methods indicated that multifractality existed in the AQI time series of Zhengzhou and cross-correlations between Zhengzhou and each of the four cities. The widths of multifractal spectra showed that the air pollution in Zhengzhou was closest to that in Jinan, followed by Shijiazhuang, Zibo, and Luoyang. The CDFA analysis showed that carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and inhalable particulate matter (PM10) had important influences on air pollution in Zhengzhou. These findings offer a useful reference for air pollution sources and their potential contributions in Zhengzhou, which can support policy makers in environmental governance and in achieving sustainable urban development.

Medicinal chemistry strategies towards the development of effective SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors.

Novel therapies are urgently needed to improve global treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Herein, we briefly provide a concise report on the medicinal chemistry strategies towards the development of effective SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors with representative examples in different strategies from the medicinal chemistry perspective.

A Mouse Model of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Pathogenesis.

Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has emerged and rapidly spread throughout the world, resulting in a global public health emergency. The lack of vaccine and antivirals has brought an urgent need for an animal model. Human angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) has been identified as a functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we generated a mouse model expressing human ACE2 (hACE2) by using CRISPR/Cas9 knockin technology. In comparison with wild-type C57BL/6 mice, both young and aged hACE2 mice sustained high viral loads in lung, trachea, and brain upon intranasal infection. Although fatalities were not observed, interstitial pneumonia and elevated cytokines were seen in SARS-CoV-2 infected-aged hACE2 mice. Interestingly, intragastric inoculation of SARS-CoV-2 was seen to cause productive infection and lead to pulmonary pathological changes in hACE2 mice. Overall, this animal model described here provides a useful tool for studying SARS-CoV-2 transmission and pathogenesis and evaluating COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics.